Twelve bush bean lines of different geographic heteorsis, growth habits, and seed sizes were selected in for estimation of heterosis and inbreeding depression. Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression in Glycine max by . Rajendar Reddy M, Surendar Raju Ch and Sravani D In all crosses (Doli 5 × GBL1, Doli 5 × KS 331, Pusa Uttam × KS 331, AB-07-02 × GOB 1), fruit length, fruit volume and fruit yield per plant exhibited significantly positive . In many crosses significant inbreeding depressions were found for the studied characters. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate whether or not breeding efficiency could be improved using a three heterotic-group (TriHG) classification (Reid and non-Reid, and Suwan1 heterotic groups) system instead of a usual two heterotic-group (DiHG . Lack of inbreeding Depression: The self- pollinated species do not show inbreeding depression although they do not show heterosis. The reason why vegetatively reproducing crop plants are best suited for maintaining hybrid vigour is that (a) these can be easily propagated (b) once a desired hybrid has been produced there are few chances of losing it (c) they have a longer life span (d) they are more resistant to diseases Ans. The world's most important grain crop, Zea mays exhibits significant heterosis and inbreeding depression, and despite billions of Economic heterosis and inbreeding depression for grain yield and its component characters were studied in 78 hybrids in a diallel cross set derived from 13 diverse parents in both F1 and F2 generations of barley. Two of them, proposed within the first decade after rediscovery of Mendel's work, claimed wide acceptance. Combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding depression were E.g. Heterosis and inbreeding depression are, to a considerable extent, opposite sides of the same coin. Heterosis and Hybrid Vigour. Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression *Kana Ram Kumawat, Ravi Kumawat and Madhu Choudhary Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, S.K.N. Standl.] *Corresponding Author Email: manojbhu87@gmail.com Vol. High inbreeding depression. Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness in a given population as a result of inbreeding, or breeding of related individuals. (2007): Nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heterosis and inbreeding depression in Amaranthus.- Genetika, Vol. Compare the results with those obtained by Brim and Cockerham. To impart knowledge to the students on the principles and procedures of plant breeding in self and cross pollinated crops for development of the high yielding varieties / hybrids with the help of various conventional and modern molecular approaches. Inbred parental lines can identically reproduce . Inbreeding depression and heterosis of hybrids in F 2 populations of maize in the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. developing his interest in plant breeding. . Quantitative genetics and selection in plant breeding. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic traits of heteroiss in F 2 populations, estimate of heterosis in relation to the average of the parents and determine the inbreeding depression in F 2 parents populations. […] Walter de Gruyter, Heterosis and inbreeding depression are complementary phenomena, both important to the establishment of breeding strategies, such as conventional hybrids and population breeding. inbreeding depression was seen for days to maturity, technical height, plant height, number of primary branches, numbers of capsule per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule diameter, seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight and oil content in different crosses. Genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Authors M F Alam 1 , M R Khan , M Nuruzzaman , S Parvez , A M Swaraz , I Alam , N Ahsan Affiliation the key difference between heterosis and inbreeding depression is that heterosis is the enhancement of traits due to the mixing of genes from two different individuals during outbreeding while inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness of offspring due to the increased homozygosity as a result of inbreeding between closely related … 5 Reaching them need to understand the nature of gene action and quantifying the heterosis and 6 inbreeding depression. 2020). Introduction to quantitative genetics. Heterosis breeding would be more practical approach for improvement of these traits. 1. Quantitative genetics and selection in plant breeding. 62-66 Introduction Estimate heterosis and inbreeding depression in populations derived from crosses between modern cultivars. Inbreeding depression (reviewed by Husband & Schemske, 1996; Armbruster & Reed, 2005, Winn et al., 2011) and heterosis in crosses among plant populations (Fenster, 1991; van Treuren et al., 1993; Ouborg & Van Treuren, 1994; Willi & Fischer, 2005; Busch, 2006) have been reported for numerous plant species, but relating these measures to drift . Because of this emphasis on inbred lines, hybrid breeding has been neglected. grain length, grain yield per plant and straw yield per plant. The main reason for it are longer life cycle, sexuality and insufficient understanding of complex genetic architecture of higher animals. . Out of six Hybrid vigor, also known as heterosis or outbreeding enhancement, is the phenomenon that a hybrid offspring has improved traits, such as growth rate, biomass, stress tolerance, and fertility [179, 180]. Experiment: Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability Aim: To provide knowledge for estimating heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability and about their utilization in crop improvement. Results Significant inbreeding depression of fruit branches per plant (FB), boll numbers per plant (BN), seed cotton yield (SY), and lint yield (LY) in RIL population and high levels of heterosis . Or Heterosis can be defend as the superiority of F hybrid over both the parents in terms of yield and some other character. and the fact that heterosis varies between traits within organisms and between organisms for the same trait. Transgressive segregation is the reason plant breeding works Scientific plant breeding is a success. The main difference between heterosis and inbreeding depression is that heterosis consists of beneficial augmentations of phenotypic trait values in offspring of genetically distant parents. The current study was conducted to evaluate the performance of F2 population for studying mean performance, heterotic effects and inbreeding depression in upland cotton for polygenic traits. 2020). There are two main theories of heterosis and inbreeding depression. This cross can be utilized . Inbreeding depression was highest for seed yield, followed by 1000-seed weight, capsules plant −1, branch number and plant height, indicating the predominance of non-additive genetic effects. This phenomenon is commercially used to produce hybrid or synthetic varieties, which needs the maximisation of its . In cost of the cross- pollinated species 7. 3. However, in practical plant breeding the superiority of F1 over mid parent is of no use since it does not offer the hybrid any advantage over the better parent. • Heterosisdepends on dominance:d = 0 = no inbreeding depression and no Heterosis. Heterosis, Inbreeding Depression and Residual Heterosis in Okra 671 very low for this trait which ranged from -0.15 to -4.55% in F 2 and from -0.33 to 0.87% in F 3 generation. Estimation of heterosis, residual heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield characteristics in F2 generation involving aromatic rice genotypes (Oryza Sativa.L) International Conference on Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences September 14-15, 2012 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India. Agriculture University Jobner-303329, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India *Email: kanaramkumawat8@gmail.com Heterosis Heterosis is defined as the superiority of F 1 Observations were recorded on quantitative and qualitative traits viz., plant height, leaf length, leaf width, fifth ieaf area, stem diameter, total inbreeding depression was also studied for 16 characters of 30 hybrids. An experiments was performed to study heterobeltiosis and relative heterosis in F1 and inbreeding depression in F2 generation in eggplants. Dominant hypothesis 2. Six genetically diverse parents, their . Fl heterosis over midparent (MP) and better parent (BP) and F2 inbreeding depression (ID) were studied in 8 crosses of rice for grain yield/plant and its four other component traits, Le., plant height, effective tillers/plant, No. For example, hybrids of maize or domestic dog grow stronger and bigger than their parents [181]. Our objective was to identify maize In all crosses (Doli 5 × GBL1, Doli 5 × KS 331, Pusa Uttam × KS 331, AB-07-02 × GOB 1), fruit length, fruit volume and fruit yield per plant exhibited significantly positive . Division of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Agrotechnology, National Botanical Research Institute, India. B67×Rama exhibited significant positive heterosis in F 1, but non-significant inbreeding depression in F 2 for seed yield. Inbreeding depression of F 2 progeny was also studied for 11 characters of 10 hybrids. Plant breeding does work; therefore, there is transgressive . Inbreeding depression is normally reduced by immigrants that are heterozygous for deleterious recessive mutations (Whitlock et al., 2000 ), and by heterosis mean fitness of populations may be enhanced. Quantitative studies on heterosis and inbreeding depression in maize (Zea mays L.) Ranju Kumari1*, A. K. Singh2 and Sugandh Suman2 1Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda, B.A.U., Sabour, Bhagalpur, INDIA • Man has recognised inbreeding depression for a long time. Panday R.M. 2, 251 -258. • Inbreeding depression results due to fixation of unfavourable recessive genes in F2, while in heterosis the unfavourable recessive genes of one line (parent) are covered by favourable dominant genes of other parent. In the fall of 2005, . ID often increases under environmental stress, but the combined effects of inbreeding, outbreeding between populations and environmental stress, such as drought, on plant performance and herbivore resistance remain unclear. Selective breeding of plants and animals, including hybridization, began long before there was an understanding of underlying scientific principles. Or Heterosis The term heterosis was first used by Shull in 1914. A large proportion of plants produced by self-pollination lead to severe inbreeding depression and exhibit a lethal effect. Heterosis Hypothesis Heterosis (or hybrid vigor) is the superiority the F 1 generation in relation to their Allelic and non-allelic interactions of genes in presence of specific environmental effects will lead us to successful heterosis results. These crosses also showed reasonable amount of inbreeding depression in F 2 population. Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression in Two Soybean Crosses (Burton and Brownie, 2006) Objectives 1. From 1933 to 1943 the increased yield of of heterosis and inbreeding depression of fifty hybrids (F 1 s) and their F 2 s made by crossing of ten sudan grass restorer lines and 5 cytoplasmic male sterile lines in Line x Tester mating design. Here, Hochholdinger and Baldauf provide an overview of this fascinating biological phenomenon and what is known about the underlying genetics and mechanisms. Therefore, the present study was carried out with an objective to estimate extent of heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and grain characters. Degrees of inbreeding depression. The presence of heterosis in the F 1 and residual heterosis in F 2 and F 3 generations along with non-significant inbreeding depression indicates the role of additive . Zea mayshybrid vigor, inbreeding, breeding population, yield. Therefore, average heterosis is of little or no use to the plant breeder. Heterosis and dominance in relation to parental va. Genetic basis of heterosis. The formula for inbreeding depression is: Inbreeding depression =F 1 -F 2 /F 1 x100. (ii) The superiority is confined to F 1 generation. Heterosis and combining ability among maize narrow-base populations. These were 'dominance' and 'overdominance . Dominant hypothesis : First proposed by Davenport in 1908. 39, No. of filled grains/panicle and lOOO-grain weight. Recently, we revealed a mixed mating system with predominant outcrossing within a set of caraway inbred lines, which were placed in a polycross. Effects and Use of Heterosis in Plant Breeding Manifestation (Effects) of Heterosis: 1) Increase Yield: Heterosis is generally expressed as an increase in the yield of hybrid and may be measured in terms of grain, fruit, seed, leaf, tubers, etc. Inbreeding depression is also related to high heterosis in F 1 hybrids and has to search for moderate type of heterosis which has some stability to have less inbreeding depression at F 2 level [ 3] . Linseed, Heterosis, Depression, Yield Accepted: 10 January 2021 Available Online: Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India Elucidation of heterosis and inbreeding depression for fruit yield and its component traits in bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) ABSTRACT Heterosis and inbreeding depression are complementary phenomena, both important to the establishment of breeding strategies, such as conventional hybrids and population breeding. Hybrid cotton production through exploitation of heterosis is the only way for having vertical improvement and betterment in seed cotton yield which has been stagnated in the recent years. As with inbreeding depression, directional dominance is required for heterosis Heterosis is usually strong in outcrossing species (Liu et al. It is very hard to maintain the breeding line after three to four generations due to the loss of vigour and fertility. characteristics than its inbred parents. Molecular explanations for both phenomena have been suggested and play a contributing role. No inbreeding depression The self-pollinated crops do not show inbreeding depression. These are mainly seen in Alfalfa of the pea family and carrots. Genetic basis of heterosis. Among the 10 hybrids, four hybrids viz., 17A×45R, 25A×37R, 27A×39R, 31A×47R, and 35A×47R showed highest heterosis in 10-hill grain yield/10-hill. Heterosis is being exploited in crop plants . Comparison of dominance and over dominance hypothesis. But in animals, it is not as much common as in plants. The main features of heterosis are listed below: (i) The hybrid F 1 exhibits superiority over both parents in yield, adaptation, quality, maturity etc. It is because their species reproduce by self - fertilization and as a result, have developed homozygous balance. Inbreeding depression is often the result of a population bottleneck. In F1 generation, heterosis over better parent ranged from +3.13 to +65.63% for bolls per plant, +0.82 . The outcrossing rate was 66.5% on average and ranged from 51.6 to 82.0% (von Maydell et al. Key words: Okra, heterosis, inbreeding depression, diallel cross, dominance, epistasis. Different traits in the same species and the same trait in different species show different degrees of inbreeding depression, mirrored by the frequency with which heterosis is found. Hybrid breeding is slower and more resource-intensive than inbred breeding, but it allows systematic improvement of a population by recurrent selection and exploitation of heterosis simultaneously. The estimated inbreeding depression from F 1 to next F 2 generation ranged from Quantitative genetics and selection in plant breeding. Unknown Volunteer Cross/Hybrid Vegetable Plant Heterosis and Theories of Heterosis Heterosis: Capturing the Benefits Heterosis - Dominance \u0026 Over Dominance Hypothesis: Inbreeding Depression: Importance of Heterosis George Shull explains hybrid corn and heterosis (hybrid vigor), 1909 The Odyssey by Homer | Books 6-7 Summary and Analysis The world's most important grain crop, Zea mays exhibits significant heterosis and inbreeding depression, and despite billions of desirable for yield per plant. Heterosis and inbreeding in cassava: experimental results and perpectives. Heterosis has been exploited at commercial scale both in plants and animals. characteristics than its inbred parents. inbreeding can result in a decrease in the progeny mean, while the excess of heterozygotes under crossbreeding can cause the progeny mean to increase. An experiments was performed to study heterobeltiosis and relative heterosis in F1 and inbreeding depression in F2 generation in eggplants. Effects of population size and isolation on heterosis, mean fitness, and inbreeding depression in a perennial plant Christopher G. Oakley1,2 and Alice A. Winn1 1Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA; 2Present address: Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA Ten hybrids of F 2 populations, five F 2 parents populations and the respective commercial hybrids HC were evaluated for male flowering, plant . Heterotic group classification has a crucial impact on maize (Zea mays L.) breeding efficiency in a hybrid-based breeding program. Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression; Wide Hybridization and Pre-Breeding. Himalay R Patel and DR Mehta Abstract Application of heterosis. (iv) The superiority is reproducible in specific environment. Cucurbits, Sunflower. Figure 1a shows the increase in wheat yields in the United Kingdom (UK) from 1885 to 2015, which is mainly the result of breeding . Heterosis or hybrid vigor, on the other hand, is the tendency of outbred strains to exceed both inbred parents in fitness. Principles of Plant Breeding (2+1) You are currently using guest access Page path . Heterosis (or hybrid vigor) has been a major factor in the increased pro duction of several important plant species during this century; however, the most dramatic and well-publicized impact on yield and other performance characteris tics has probably occurred in maize. Highest economic heterosis was recorded for grain yield (48.82%) followed by number of productive tillers plant-1 (38.09%), 1000-grain weight (21.43%), length of spike (19.05%), number. Results Significant inbreeding depression of fruit branches per plant (FB), boll numbers per plant (BN), seed cotton yield (SY), and lint yield (LY) in RIL population and high levels of heterosis . Population biological fitness refers to an organism's ability to survive and perpetuate its genetic material. Several hypothesis were put forward to explain inbreeding depression and conversely to explain the related phenomenon of hybrid vigour. Heterosis and inbreeding in cassava: experimental results and perpectives. raised with minimum of 500 plant population and individual plant observations were recorded productive tillers per plan Correspondence Jignesh R Balat Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India Heterosis and inbreeding depression in F 2 Applications of Heterosis in Plant Breeding: Heterosis is observed in almost every crop species studied, the application of this phenomenon for its commercial exploitation depends on the expression of the degree of heterosis. The effects of inbreeding and crossbreeding on development. Inbreeding depression refers to the reduced vigor in the offspring from matings involving related parents. Estimates of heterosis and inbreeding depression for crosses of lowa maize populations Abstract Relative success of maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs depends on the proper choice of parental germplasm and the recognition and the use of heterotic groups. In most of the crosses high heterosis for total yield per plant and its related traits was invariably accompanied by high inbreeding depression in F 2 generation. Inbreeding Depression. b 18. 4. 20, Special Issue (AIAAS-2020), 2020 pp. (iii) The superiority (heterosis) is under genetic control. Significant heterosis was observed for most of the studied characters. Zea mayshybrid heherosis, inbreeding, breeding population, yield. 2. Heterosis. Inbreeding depression results due to fixation of unfavorable recessive genes in F 2, while in heterosis the unfavorable recessive genes of one line (parent) are covered by favorable dominant genes of other parents. Estimates of heterosis and inbreeding depression for crosses of lowa maize populations Abstract Relative success of maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs depends on the proper choice of parental germplasm and the recognition and the use of heterotic groups. Inbreeding depression refers to the reduced vigor in the offspring from matings involving related parents. Genetic basis of inbreeding depression and heterosis. A set of four F1 hybrids were generated by crossing six parents. The term heterosis . Heterosis It is defined as the superiority of F 1 hybrid over both the parents in terms of yield or some other characters. 15. ABSTRACT Heterosis and inbreeding depression are complementary phenomena, both important to the establishment of breeding strategies, such as conventional hybrids and population breeding. 2) Increased Reproductive Ability: Hybrids exhibiting heterosis show an increase in fertility or reproductive ability. In contrast, inbreeding depression consists of detrimental reductions of phenotypic trait values in the offspring of genetically related parents. Similarly, selective breeding in maize (corn) might be expected to purge mutant variants resulting in lower crop yield, but continued heterosis (in this case, higher crop yields in the F ₁ progeny of crossbreeding) implies minor-effect mutations also contribute significantly to inbreeding depression in systems of artificial selection as well. Twelve bush bean lines of different geographic origins, growth habits, and seed sizes were selected in for estimation of heterosis and inbreeding depression. Although hybrid crop varieties are among the most popular agricultural innovations, the rationale for hybrid crop breeding is sometimes misunderstood. Our objective was to identify maize More generally, heterosis is estimated over the superior parent such heterosis is referred as heterosis. Heterosis, also known as 'hybrid vigor', is a well-known phenomenon whereby hybrid offspring resulting from cross pollination exhibit greater vigor than either parent. Heterosis Definition: This increased productivity or superiority over the parents is known as heterosis or hybrid vigor. Abstract Transgressive segregation and heterosis are the reasons that plant breeding works. Inbreeding depression was higher in high performing hybrids than in low performing hybrids. 1. ABSTRACT Heterosis and inbreeding depression are complementary phenomena, both important to the establishment of breeding strategies, such as conventional hybrids and population breeding. Low inbreeding depression Only a small degree of inbreeding depression is observed. Inbreeding depression and heterosis: Table 2 shows Each sampled plant was evaluated for grain yield and three major yield components, effective panicles per plant (PP), the summary statistics for the yield components of the filled grains per panicle (GP), and 1000-grain weight (GW, parents, F 1 (Lemont Teqing), RILs, two BCF 1 popula- Inbreeding depression was higher in high performing hybrids than in low performing hybrids. When the only nonadditive gene action is dominance, it is usually the case that a trait showing inbreeding depression will also display heterosis, and vice versa, and hence the two phenomena are . 27 Expected levels of heterosis If p i denotes the frequency of Q i in line 1, let p i + dp i denote the frequency of Q i in line 2. Over dominance hypothesis. 2 1 Genetic behavior analysis for phytochemical traits in coriander: Heterosis, 2 inbreeding depression and genetic effects 3 Abstract 4 Increasing fruit yield, fatty acids and essential oils content in coriander are the main objectives. Heterosis . It was later on expanded by Bruce, Keeble and Pellow. A set of four F1 hybrids were generated by crossing six parents.
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